Induction of labour may be considered when there is a medical indication, or when the benefits outweigh the risks. I gave a talk in...

Pain relief methods during labour would include non-pharmacological methods and pharmacological methods. Non-pharmacological...

Caesarean section involves making an abdominal skin incision and an incision over the lower segment of the uterus to deliver the baby.  ...

Multiple pregnancies now account for 1.5% of all pregnancies. The commonest form of multiple pregnancies are twins, though triplets,...

Endometriosis is a condition where the endometrial tissue (the lining of the inner uterus) is found outside the uterus.  Most commonly,...

"Cysts" in the ovaries may be simple fluid-filled ones or complex ones filled with fluid mixed with solid areas. These usually do not...

Fibroids are also known as leiomyomas. These are benign smooth muscle tumours of the uterus with a capsule around the tumours. They are...

Consider screening for sexually transmitted infections in the following situations: before starting a sexual relationship with a new...

A) Screening for chronic illness from 40 years of age 1. Hypertension The blood pressure should be measured at least once every 2 years....

Invasive diagnostic procedures like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are performed under ultrasound guidance to obtain...

Natural methods Lactational amenorrhea method There is only a small (about 2%) chance of pregnancy for the first 6 months after delivery...

Postnatally, I normally see my patients one week and 3 months after delivery. At the first postnatal visit I check the following: Return...

A) Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy 1. This begins early in pregnancy, most commonly between the 4th and 7th week or pregnancy, peaks at...

IVF refers to in vitro fertilization while SO-IUI refers to super ovulation in utero insemination. These procedures are assisted...

Older pregnant women are at higher risks of: a) miscarriages b) chromosomal abnormalities e.g. Down syndrome c) stillbirth at term d)...

These histories could include that of: a) previous miscarriages b) previous spontaneous preterm labour c) previous indicated preterm...

These abnormalities could be due to: a) chromosomal abnormality b) structural abnormality e.g. congenital heart abnormalities c) genetic...

These could include: high blood pressure or hypertension high blood sugar level or diabetes mellitus high or low thyroid hormone levels...

The risks in this current pregnancy are higher if there was a previous Caesarean section compared to if there was a previous successful...

What is it? Hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy involves the insertion of a scope with an attached camera to visualise the inner cavity of the...